What is the appropriate first step when providing first aid for a first-degree or mild second-degree burn until advanced medical help arrives?

• A. Cool the burn by flushing it with large amounts of cool water
• B. Apply butter to the burn
• C. Break any blisters
• D. Apply ice directly on the burn

Answer: (A)

Cooling with large amounts of cool running water as soon as a minor burn occurs is the best first step because it rapidly removes heat from the skin, limits tissue damage, and helps reduce pain. Standing heat in the tissue continues to cause damage if not cooled, so you want to start this cooling right away and keep it up for about 10 to 20 minutes. Ice should not be used because it can cause further tissue injury, and applying butter is not appropriate because it traps heat and can introduce bacteria. Breaking blisters is avoided since intact blisters protect underlying tissue and breaking them increases infection risk. After cooling, cover the area with a clean, nonstick dressing and monitor for any signs that medical help is needed.